What solar panel made of?

Mostly silicon solar cells, glass, encapsulant, and aluminum frames.

How solar panel works?
Sunlight excites electrons in the cells, generating DC power that inverters turn into AC.
Daily yield varies by location and system size.

How much energy do solar panels produce per day?
A 10 kW rooftop might make ~30–50 kWh; a solar farm California can deliver far more due to scale and sunshine. Solar panel cost and solar panel installation depend on layout, permitting, and components.

Topcon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) uses n-type cells for higher
efficiency and lower light-induced degradation.

Pros: strong bifacial gain, good temperature performance, upgrade-
friendly for legacy PERC lines (helping cost).

Cons: silver usage and process complexity still matter, though falling.
Good fit for utility and C&I where LCOE rules.

Read more here.

HJT (heterojunction) stacks thin amorphous layers on crystalline silicon for excellent passivation.

Pros: top-tier efficiency, low temperature coefficient, great low-light—translating to strong field yield and solar panel efficiency over time.

Cons: higher capex, silver/TCO costs, fewer fabs—watch new metallization (e.g., copper) to bend the curve.

Back-contact (IBC/HBC, sometimes written “backcontack”) routes all fingers to the rear—no front busbars.

Pros: no shading, sleek look, high efficiency; favored in premium residential and C&I rooftops.

Cons: more complex interconnection and generally higher cost; supply base is smaller than TOPCon

Match technology to project goals: lowest Solar panel cost (TOPCon utility), highest yield per m² (HJT/BC rooftops), or aesthetic value (BC). Plan for solar panel repair and repowering as fleets age.

GBP K.K. is the renewable energy company that solves real-world constraints: we design customized panels that precisely replace discontinued models (electrical + mechanical), keep racking/inverters, and stabilize schedules. Whether you’re upgrading a solar farm California
or a distributed portfolio, we handle spec matching, certification, and delivery—so installation stays simple and performance stays strong.

Ready to scope replacements or a new build? Share your module specs and site details—we’ll return a buildable, on-time solution